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<li class="navelem"><a class="el" href="dir_bdd9a5d540de89e9fe90efdfc6973a4f.html">common</a></li><li class="navelem"><a class="el" href="dir_f59c6450ff718ff1b085cfd1c36acbd7.html">unicode</a></li> </ul>
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<p>C++ API: Unicode String.
<a href="#details">More...</a></p>
<div class="textblock"><code>#include "<a class="el" href="utypes_8h_source.html">unicode/utypes.h</a>"</code><br />
<code>#include <cstddef></code><br />
<code>#include <string_view></code><br />
<code>#include "<a class="el" href="char16ptr_8h_source.html">unicode/char16ptr.h</a>"</code><br />
<code>#include "<a class="el" href="rep_8h_source.html">unicode/rep.h</a>"</code><br />
<code>#include "<a class="el" href="std__string_8h_source.html">unicode/std_string.h</a>"</code><br />
<code>#include "<a class="el" href="stringpiece_8h_source.html">unicode/stringpiece.h</a>"</code><br />
<code>#include "<a class="el" href="bytestream_8h_source.html">unicode/bytestream.h</a>"</code><br />
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<p><a href="unistr_8h_source.html">Go to the source code of this file.</a></p>
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Data Structures</h2></td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">class  </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classicu_1_1UnicodeString.html">icu::UnicodeString</a></td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight"><a class="el" href="classicu_1_1UnicodeString.html" title="UnicodeString is a string class that stores Unicode characters directly and provides similar function...">UnicodeString</a> is a string class that stores Unicode characters directly and provides similar functionality as the Java String and StringBuffer/StringBuilder classes. <a href="classicu_1_1UnicodeString.html#details">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memdesc:namespaceicu"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">File <a class="el" href="coll_8h.html" title="C++ API: Collation Service. ">coll.h</a>. <br /></td></tr>
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Macros</h2></td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a308c066384b8560030fb3482bcb13381"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">#define </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="unistr_8h.html#a308c066384b8560030fb3482bcb13381">US_INV</a>   <a class="el" href="classicu_1_1UnicodeString.html#a301902493406de453a439dfadfdd032fa050455dd0665a3c65d041ae02565f74b">icu::UnicodeString::kInvariant</a></td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a308c066384b8560030fb3482bcb13381"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Constant to be used in the UnicodeString(char *, int32_t, EInvariant) constructor which constructs a Unicode string from an invariant-character char * string. <a href="#a308c066384b8560030fb3482bcb13381">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a308c066384b8560030fb3482bcb13381"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:aeab1ff09f666cf5fce35fc88cf37d714"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">#define </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="unistr_8h.html#aeab1ff09f666cf5fce35fc88cf37d714">UNICODE_STRING</a>(cs, _length)   <a class="el" href="classicu_1_1UnicodeString.html">icu::UnicodeString</a>(true, u ## cs, _length)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:aeab1ff09f666cf5fce35fc88cf37d714"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Obsolete macro approximating UnicodeString literals. <a href="#aeab1ff09f666cf5fce35fc88cf37d714">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:aeab1ff09f666cf5fce35fc88cf37d714"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a6cd56429cbf4fe567a97c9d1a46e96ae"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">#define </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="unistr_8h.html#a6cd56429cbf4fe567a97c9d1a46e96ae">UNICODE_STRING_SIMPLE</a>(cs)   <a class="el" href="unistr_8h.html#aeab1ff09f666cf5fce35fc88cf37d714">UNICODE_STRING</a>(cs, -1)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a6cd56429cbf4fe567a97c9d1a46e96ae"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Unicode String literals in C++. <a href="#a6cd56429cbf4fe567a97c9d1a46e96ae">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a6cd56429cbf4fe567a97c9d1a46e96ae"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a486b34c4465b862509e8ed28f01fbe49"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">#define </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="unistr_8h.html#a486b34c4465b862509e8ed28f01fbe49">UNISTR_FROM_CHAR_EXPLICIT</a></td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a486b34c4465b862509e8ed28f01fbe49"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">This can be defined to be empty or "explicit". <a href="#a486b34c4465b862509e8ed28f01fbe49">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a486b34c4465b862509e8ed28f01fbe49"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:ac4830e8bd24a0774bedb97358e733c1f"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">#define </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="unistr_8h.html#ac4830e8bd24a0774bedb97358e733c1f">UNISTR_FROM_STRING_EXPLICIT</a></td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:ac4830e8bd24a0774bedb97358e733c1f"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">This can be defined to be empty or "explicit". <a href="#ac4830e8bd24a0774bedb97358e733c1f">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:ac4830e8bd24a0774bedb97358e733c1f"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:ae7130a84a4e48a45005b55a047fc3506"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">#define </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="unistr_8h.html#ae7130a84a4e48a45005b55a047fc3506">UNISTR_OBJECT_SIZE</a>   64</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:ae7130a84a4e48a45005b55a047fc3506"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Desired sizeof(UnicodeString) in bytes. <a href="#ae7130a84a4e48a45005b55a047fc3506">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
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Typedefs</h2></td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a82006d2363fecf8771aa624a7a3498f1"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">typedef int32_t </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="unistr_8h.html#a82006d2363fecf8771aa624a7a3498f1">UStringCaseMapper</a>(int32_t caseLocale, uint32_t options, <a class="el" href="classicu_1_1BreakIterator.html">icu::BreakIterator</a> *iter, char16_t *dest, int32_t destCapacity, const char16_t *src, int32_t srcLength, <a class="el" href="classicu_1_1Edits.html">icu::Edits</a> *edits, <a class="el" href="utypes_8h.html#a3343c1c8a8377277046774691c98d78c">UErrorCode</a> &errorCode)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a82006d2363fecf8771aa624a7a3498f1"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Internal string case mapping function type. <a href="#a82006d2363fecf8771aa624a7a3498f1">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
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Functions</h2></td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:ga43199ed47f7c008e6baceccb5f66914a"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a class="el" href="umachine_8h.html#a676114b1a64bb7c2de15c919a00b28df">U_CAPI</a> int32_t </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="group__ustring__ustrlen.html#ga43199ed47f7c008e6baceccb5f66914a">u_strlen</a> (const <a class="el" href="umachine_8h.html#a6bb9fad572d65b305324ef288165e2ac">UChar</a> *s)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:ga43199ed47f7c008e6baceccb5f66914a"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Determine the length of an array of UChar. <a href="group__ustring__ustrlen.html#ga43199ed47f7c008e6baceccb5f66914a">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:ga43199ed47f7c008e6baceccb5f66914a"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:aba07a6dabd3ae5f5ee729f556a9cb960"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a class="el" href="utypes_8h.html#a559955ec3bc692657c5d8b1c6de8e334">U_COMMON_API</a> UnicodeString </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="namespaceicu.html#aba07a6dabd3ae5f5ee729f556a9cb960">icu::operator+</a> (const UnicodeString &s1, const UnicodeString &s2)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:aba07a6dabd3ae5f5ee729f556a9cb960"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Creates a new <a class="el" href="classicu_1_1UnicodeString.html" title="UnicodeString is a string class that stores Unicode characters directly and provides similar function...">UnicodeString</a> from the concatenation of two others. <a href="namespaceicu.html#aba07a6dabd3ae5f5ee729f556a9cb960">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:ab0415b6d64978e4bb1d6af50cfeb6473"><td class="memTemplParams" colspan="2">template<typename S , typename = std::enable_if_t<ConvertibleToU16StringView<S>>> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:ab0415b6d64978e4bb1d6af50cfeb6473"><td class="memTemplItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">UnicodeString </td><td class="memTemplItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="namespaceicu.html#ab0415b6d64978e4bb1d6af50cfeb6473">icu::operator+</a> (const UnicodeString &s1, const S &s2)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:ab0415b6d64978e4bb1d6af50cfeb6473"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Creates a new <a class="el" href="classicu_1_1UnicodeString.html" title="UnicodeString is a string class that stores Unicode characters directly and provides similar function...">UnicodeString</a> from the concatenation of a <a class="el" href="classicu_1_1UnicodeString.html" title="UnicodeString is a string class that stores Unicode characters directly and provides similar function...">UnicodeString</a> and <code>s2</code> which is, or which is implicitly convertible to, a std::u16string_view or (if U_SIZEOF_WCHAR_T==2) std::wstring_view. <a href="namespaceicu.html#ab0415b6d64978e4bb1d6af50cfeb6473">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:ab0415b6d64978e4bb1d6af50cfeb6473"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a20a9acddd623816474bf8fa9feeba9b1"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a class="el" href="utypes_8h.html#a559955ec3bc692657c5d8b1c6de8e334">U_COMMON_API</a> UnicodeString </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="namespaceicu.html#a20a9acddd623816474bf8fa9feeba9b1">icu::unistr_internalConcat</a> (const UnicodeString &s1, std::u16string_view s2)</td></tr>
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<a name="details" id="details"></a><h2 class="groupheader">Detailed Description</h2>
<div class="textblock"><p>C++ API: Unicode String. </p>
<p class="definition">Definition in file <a class="el" href="unistr_8h_source.html">unistr.h</a>.</p>
</div><h2 class="groupheader">Macro Definition Documentation</h2>
<a id="aeab1ff09f666cf5fce35fc88cf37d714"></a>
<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#aeab1ff09f666cf5fce35fc88cf37d714">◆ </a></span>UNICODE_STRING</h2>
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<td class="memname">#define UNICODE_STRING</td>
<td>(</td>
<td class="paramtype"> </td>
<td class="paramname">cs, </td>
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<td class="paramtype"> </td>
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<td>)</td>
<td></td><td>   <a class="el" href="classicu_1_1UnicodeString.html">icu::UnicodeString</a>(true, u ## cs, _length)</td>
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<p>Obsolete macro approximating UnicodeString literals. </p>
<p>Prior to the availability of C++11 and u"UTF-16 string literals", this macro was provided for portability and efficiency when initializing UnicodeStrings from literals.</p>
<p>Since C++17 and ICU 76, you can use UTF-16 string literals with compile-time length determination: </p><div class="fragment"><div class="line">UnicodeString str(u<span class="stringliteral">"literal"</span>);</div><div class="line"><span class="keywordflow">if</span> (str == u<span class="stringliteral">"other literal"</span>) { ... }</div></div><!-- fragment --><p>The string parameter must be a C string literal. The length of the string, not including the terminating <code>NUL</code>, must be specified as a constant. </p><dl class="stable"><dt><b><a class="el" href="stable.html#_stable002568">Stable:</a></b></dt><dd>ICU 2.0 </dd></dl>
<p class="definition">Definition at line <a class="el" href="unistr_8h_source.html#l00121">121</a> of file <a class="el" href="unistr_8h_source.html">unistr.h</a>.</p>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a6cd56429cbf4fe567a97c9d1a46e96ae">◆ </a></span>UNICODE_STRING_SIMPLE</h2>
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<td class="memname">#define UNICODE_STRING_SIMPLE</td>
<td>(</td>
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<td class="paramname">cs</td><td>)</td>
<td>   <a class="el" href="unistr_8h.html#aeab1ff09f666cf5fce35fc88cf37d714">UNICODE_STRING</a>(cs, -1)</td>
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<p>Unicode String literals in C++. </p>
<p>Obsolete macro approximating UnicodeString literals. See UNICODE_STRING.</p>
<p>The string parameter must be a C string literal. </p><dl class="stable"><dt><b><a class="el" href="stable.html#_stable002569">Stable:</a></b></dt><dd>ICU 2.0 </dd></dl>
<dl class="section see"><dt>See also</dt><dd><a class="el" href="unistr_8h.html#aeab1ff09f666cf5fce35fc88cf37d714" title="Obsolete macro approximating UnicodeString literals. ">UNICODE_STRING</a> </dd></dl>
<p class="definition">Definition at line <a class="el" href="unistr_8h_source.html#l00135">135</a> of file <a class="el" href="unistr_8h_source.html">unistr.h</a>.</p>
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<a id="a486b34c4465b862509e8ed28f01fbe49"></a>
<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a486b34c4465b862509e8ed28f01fbe49">◆ </a></span>UNISTR_FROM_CHAR_EXPLICIT</h2>
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<p>This can be defined to be empty or "explicit". </p>
<p>If explicit, then the UnicodeString(char16_t) and UnicodeString(UChar32) constructors are marked as explicit, preventing their inadvertent use. </p><dl class="stable"><dt><b><a class="el" href="stable.html#_stable002570">Stable:</a></b></dt><dd>ICU 49 </dd></dl>
<p class="definition">Definition at line <a class="el" href="unistr_8h_source.html#l00150">150</a> of file <a class="el" href="unistr_8h_source.html">unistr.h</a>.</p>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#ac4830e8bd24a0774bedb97358e733c1f">◆ </a></span>UNISTR_FROM_STRING_EXPLICIT</h2>
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<p>This can be defined to be empty or "explicit". </p>
<p>If explicit, then the UnicodeString(const char *) and UnicodeString(const char16_t *) constructors are marked as explicit, preventing their inadvertent use.</p>
<p>In particular, this helps prevent accidentally depending on ICU conversion code by passing a string literal into an API with a const UnicodeString & parameter. </p><dl class="stable"><dt><b><a class="el" href="stable.html#_stable002571">Stable:</a></b></dt><dd>ICU 49 </dd></dl>
<p class="definition">Definition at line <a class="el" href="unistr_8h_source.html#l00170">170</a> of file <a class="el" href="unistr_8h_source.html">unistr.h</a>.</p>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#ae7130a84a4e48a45005b55a047fc3506">◆ </a></span>UNISTR_OBJECT_SIZE</h2>
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<td class="memname">#define UNISTR_OBJECT_SIZE   64</td>
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<p>Desired sizeof(UnicodeString) in bytes. </p>
<p>It should be a multiple of sizeof(pointer) to avoid unusable space for padding. The object size may want to be a multiple of 16 bytes, which is a common granularity for heap allocation.</p>
<p>Any space inside the object beyond sizeof(vtable pointer) + 2 is available for storing short strings inside the object. The bigger the object, the longer a string that can be stored inside the object, without additional heap allocation.</p>
<p>Depending on a platform's pointer size, pointer alignment requirements, and struct padding, the compiler will usually round up sizeof(UnicodeString) to 4 * sizeof(pointer) (or 3 * sizeof(pointer) for P128 data models), to hold the fields for heap-allocated strings. Such a minimum size also ensures that the object is easily large enough to hold at least 2 char16_ts, for one supplementary code point (U16_MAX_LENGTH).</p>
<p>sizeof(UnicodeString) >= 48 should work for all known platforms.</p>
<p>For example, on a 64-bit machine where sizeof(vtable pointer) is 8, sizeof(UnicodeString) = 64 would leave space for (64 - sizeof(vtable pointer) - 2) / U_SIZEOF_UCHAR = (64 - 8 - 2) / 2 = 27 char16_ts stored inside the object.</p>
<p>The minimum object size on a 64-bit machine would be 4 * sizeof(pointer) = 4 * 8 = 32 bytes, and the internal buffer would hold up to 11 char16_ts in that case.</p>
<dl class="section see"><dt>See also</dt><dd><a class="el" href="utf16_8h.html#ab14454ab71a81f0cf86e523e50690eee" title="The maximum number of 16-bit code units per Unicode code point (U+0000..U+10ffff). ">U16_MAX_LENGTH</a> </dd></dl>
<dl class="stable"><dt><b><a class="el" href="stable.html#_stable002572">Stable:</a></b></dt><dd>ICU 56 </dd></dl>
<p class="definition">Definition at line <a class="el" href="unistr_8h_source.html#l00208">208</a> of file <a class="el" href="unistr_8h_source.html">unistr.h</a>.</p>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a308c066384b8560030fb3482bcb13381">◆ </a></span>US_INV</h2>
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<td class="memname">#define US_INV   <a class="el" href="classicu_1_1UnicodeString.html#a301902493406de453a439dfadfdd032fa050455dd0665a3c65d041ae02565f74b">icu::UnicodeString::kInvariant</a></td>
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<p>Constant to be used in the UnicodeString(char *, int32_t, EInvariant) constructor which constructs a Unicode string from an invariant-character char * string. </p>
<p>About invariant characters see <a class="el" href="utypes_8h.html" title="Basic definitions for ICU, for both C and C++ APIs. ">utypes.h</a>. This constructor has no runtime dependency on conversion code and is therefore recommended over ones taking a charset name string (where the empty string "" indicates invariant-character conversion).</p>
<dl class="stable"><dt><b><a class="el" href="stable.html#_stable002567">Stable:</a></b></dt><dd>ICU 3.2 </dd></dl>
<p class="definition">Definition at line <a class="el" href="unistr_8h_source.html#l00098">98</a> of file <a class="el" href="unistr_8h_source.html">unistr.h</a>.</p>
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<h2 class="groupheader">Typedef Documentation</h2>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a82006d2363fecf8771aa624a7a3498f1">◆ </a></span>UStringCaseMapper</h2>
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<td class="memname">typedef int32_t UStringCaseMapper(int32_t caseLocale, uint32_t options, <a class="el" href="classicu_1_1BreakIterator.html">icu::BreakIterator</a> *iter, char16_t *dest, int32_t destCapacity, const char16_t *src, int32_t srcLength, <a class="el" href="classicu_1_1Edits.html">icu::Edits</a> *edits, <a class="el" href="utypes_8h.html#a3343c1c8a8377277046774691c98d78c">UErrorCode</a> &errorCode)</td>
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<p>Internal string case mapping function type. </p>
<p>All error checking must be done. src and dest must not overlap. </p><dl class="internal"><dt><b><a class="el" href="internal.html#_internal000161">Internal:</a></b></dt><dd>Do not use. This API is for internal use only. </dd></dl>
<p class="definition">Definition at line <a class="el" href="unistr_8h_source.html#l00071">71</a> of file <a class="el" href="unistr_8h_source.html">unistr.h</a>.</p>
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